DevOps/도커 (Docker)
[Docker] - 002. Docker CLI 와 이미지 만들기
귀찮은 개발자
2024. 4. 17. 02:43
hello world 실행
도커를 처음 시작할 때 hello-world 을 통해 온보딩을 시작할 수 있다.
$ docker run hello-world
--- 출력 결과 ---
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
478afc919002: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:03b30c6a3c320ff172b52bd68eddffde6ded08ce47e650fe52de861c5e9df46d
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(arm64v8)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Ubuntu 실행
hello-world 을 실행했을 때 출력되는 결과를 보면 docker run -it ubuntu bash 라는 명령어를 볼 수 있다.
터미널에 입력하는 커멘드 명령어에 보면 -it 가 있다. - 라는 것은 실행하는 명령어에 옵션을 추가하겠다는 의미이다.
-it 옵션은 터미널에 대한 인터랙티브 모드를 설정하는 것을 말한다.
인터렉티브 모드 = 대화식(Interactive) 모드
$ docker run -it ubuntu
--- 출력 결과 ---
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
70104cd59e2a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1b8d8ff4777f36f19bfe73ee4df61e3a0b789caeff29caa019539ec7c9a57f95
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
--- 로컬에서 컨테이너의 ubuntu 으로 쉘이 바뀌었다. (접속함) ---
root@d7ed3c5a0fea:/#태그 추가 및 이미지 푸시
로컬에서 실행한 ubuntu 에 태그를 추가하고 Docker Hub 에 푸시하여 저장할 수 있다.
개인 도커 레포지토리 서버가 있다면 my-private-docker-registry.my-domain.com/username/ubuntu:latest 라고 하면 된다.
-- Git 과 비유하자면 git tag 이다.
$ docker tag ubuntu:latest {docker_hub의_username}/ubuntu:latest
-- Git 에 Push 하는 것처럼 Docker hub 에 있는 Repository 서버에 이미지를 저장한다.
$ docker push {docker_hub의_username}/ubuntu:latest이미지로 도커 컨테이너 실행
로컬에서 저장한 이미지를 사용하여 컨테이너를 실행할 수 도 있다. 또는 개인 레포지토리에서 이미지를 다운로드 받아 사용할 수 도 있다.
$ docker run {docker_hub의_username}/ubuntu:latest재시작, 스팩보기, 옵션 추가하기
restart 는 컨테이너를 재시작 할 수 있다. (즉 재부팅이다.)
inspect 는 컨테이너의 상세 정보를 확인할 수 있다. (내 컴퓨터의 디스크, 인터넷, 램, CPU 등을 확인 가능)
run 은 컨테이너를 실행하겠다는 의미이며 -d 옵션은 백드라운드에서 실행하겠다는 의미이다.
$ docker restart {container_id} 또는 {container_name}
$ docker inspect {container_id} 또는 {container_name}
$ docker run -d {docker_hub의_username}/ubuntu:latest자주쓰는 명렁어
docker help 을 사용하면 Docker 에서 지원하는 명령어를 볼 수 있다.
자주 쓰는 매지니먼트 명령어로는 compose, container, image, network, trush 가 있으며 일반 커멘드는 build, cp, inspect, images, logs, ps, pull, push, restart, rm, rmi, run, start 정도가 있다.
만약 docker cp 에 대해 궁금하다면 --help 플래그를 추가하여 아래와 같이 확인할 수 있다.
docker cp --help
Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH
Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin
and extract it to a directory destination in a container.
Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a
container source to stdout.
Options:
-a, --archive Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
-L, --follow-link Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH
적극적으로 도커 개발환경에서 개발을 하다 보면 이러한 명령어들은 금방 익숙해진다.
$ docker help
--- 출력 결과 ---
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/Users/kyungseo-park/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/Users/kyungseo-park/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/Users/kyungseo-park/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/Users/kyungseo-park/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
buildx* Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.10.0)
compose* Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.15.1)
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
dev* Docker Dev Environments (Docker Inc., v0.0.5)
extension* Manages Docker extensions (Docker Inc., v0.2.17)
image Manage images
manifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
sbom* View the packaged-based Software Bill Of Materials (SBOM) for an image (Anchore Inc., 0.6.0)
scan* Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.23.0)
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/